Tanglewood Case 1 Essay Example For Students

Tanglewood Case 1 Essay The following will discuss the Human Resource functions of Tanglewood Stores. The paper will discuss the staffing strategies required by Tanglewood in order to maintain its corporate culture and niche market while remaining competitive. The paper suggests strategic staffing decisions regarding the nine staffing levels and four factors of staffing quality. Acquire or Develop Talent According to the text, if Tanglewood wants to achieve a full acquisition strategy then Tanglewood is going to have to acquire new talent. This seems to be the best strategy for Tanglewood because it is already evident judging from the case that there is an inconsistency in management styles between toe original stores and the newly acquired stores. The argument for acquiring new talent is that new employees hit the ground running and are at their peak the moment they arrive. This is the kind of performance Tanglewood needs during and acquisition period. It assures that the newly acquired stores start on the right path without resentment or employees, particularly managers, who resist. We will write a custom essay on Tanglewood Case 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For existing stores, Tanglewood should take on a development approach. Acquiring from within is always a good way to maintain a productive workforce. When employees believe that there are opportunities for advancement they are usually more motivated to achieve the organizational goals. This approach could be beneficial because Tanglewood wants its employees to be self sufficient and think like managers. Hire Yourself or Outsource Tanglewood should continue to hire its own employees. The reason being is that Tanglewood has a niche that requires a certain kind of individual. In order to ensure that these individuals are the right matches it is best that Tanglewood screen and identify the appropriate hires. Though it is important for Tanglewood to have the final say on who’s hired, Tanglewood could outsource some functions in the recruiting process to companies such as yahoo, monster, and CareerBuilder to build a pool of candidates. External or Internal Hiring Tanglewood should adapt an acquire from within approach first and resort to an external candidate as an alternative option. When organizations acquire from within it gives its employees a sense of belonging. Employees see room for advancement and become motivated. When there are opportunities for advancement, employees began to think long-term. This mode of thinking from employees is beneficial to Tanglewood because Tanglewood can now foster its culture into generations of employees; maintaining the family oriented culture of Tanglewood alive. Core or Flexible Workforce Tanglewood should maintain a core workforce. A core workforce is better for Tanglewood because it is in a niche market with a unique company culture, which differentiates Tanglewood from its competitors. In the beginning a flexible workforce may seem to cut cost but when factor in the additional training cost and the lack of motivation from the employee, it advantages and disadvantages even out. Hire or Retain Tanglewood such try to decrease the turnover rate as much as possible by adopting an employee retention plan. A retention plan is important to Tanglewood because it helps to avoid employee turnover and associated costs: hiring and training expenses, productivity loss, lost customers, diminished business, and damaged morale among remaining members of the workforce. National or Global It clear that Tanglewood should only be concerned with a national approach in the near future. Tanglewood’s operations are primarily on the west coast and in the Southwestern Territories. At this point Tanglewood isn’t necessarily global; there is plenty of untapped territory in the United States that Tanglewood has yet to explore. Attract or Relocate Even though Tanglewood has a niche in the market the organization should still be able to attract a qualified workforce. Tanglewood is in the retail industry, which doesn’t require specified or task specific workforce. .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .postImageUrl , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:hover , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:visited , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:active { border:0!important; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:active , .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515 .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0d5c2b570bbaeb913486931e20db515:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life Of Charlemagne EssayThe workers and managers are pretty much the same as any other worker or manager in any other department store around the country; the only different is can they adhere to the corporate policies and procedures of Tanglewood. Overstaff or Understaff The organization should continue to do what it’s doing; which is overstaffing. There are an abundance of department managers and assistant mangers that aren’t completely necessary. But by doing so, Tanglewood can benefit by having a stockpile of talent. In other words having replacement in place incase of turnover, retirement or promotion. Stores are also equipped with staff for peak season shopping. Short/Long Term Focus Tanglewood’s focus should be long-term. A long-term focus is best for Tanglewood’s niche market and cultural differentiations because Tanglewood has to invest in their employees in order for them to live up to the Tanglewood standard. Time spent on training and interviews can be costly if Tanglewood adopted a short-term approach. Though turnover is still a reality, being overstaffed will address those immediate issues regarding turnover. Person/Jobs or Person/Organization Match Tanglewood should use a Person/Organization Match approach to the hiring process. This approach to hiring seems to be more suitable for Tanglewood’s unique corporate culture. For instance, Tanglewood’s associates are trained to help out in various positions and think as a team versus an individual, so in positions such as the associate positions, job descriptions may become altered from time to time. Specific or General KSAOs Tanglewood should hire employees with more specific KSAOs. The reasons are because Tanglewood is in a niche market and is targeting a middle and upper class consumer. Employees should have knowledge of the products they work with. If Tanglewood is going to be the premier camping supply store then maybe the organization wants to hire someone with outdoors experience. Tanglewood wants to hire people with good people skills and customer service skills. Last but not least, Tanglewood wants employees who are team players and who aren’t hung up on personal achievement. Exceptional or Acceptable Workforce Quality Exceptional workforce quality is a better strategy for Tanglewood than acceptable workforce quality for many reasons. First, Tanglewood’s target market is middle to upper class consumers. The company employs reasonable pricing and a strategy of differentiation. Tanglewood also differentiate itself from the competition by having a large camping and outdoor living section in each store, having an outdoor theme, and by having a personable sales staff. Having exceptional workforce quality means hiring associates that will be passionate about Tanglewood and in providing excellent customer service. This strong customer service focus will encourage repeat visits to the store and allow the company to stand out among the competition by being a customer favorite. Active or Passive Diversity Tanglewood should actively address diversity. Organizations employing a diverse workforce can supply a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources. Employees from diverse backgrounds bring individual talents and experiences in suggesting ideas that are flexible in adapting to fluctuating markets and customer demands. For instance, Tanglewood has store in some areas heavily populated with Hispanics. If Tanglewood took advantage of the skills of Hispanic employees, it could assist with language barriers when dealing with Hispanic consumers. In conclusion, Tanglewood has some good ideas regarding the corporate culture. Tanglewood believes in adding value to its employees because in return the organization will gain an exceptional workforce. With the rapid growth of Tanglewood will be well of with their Human Resource strategy if the organization adapts an acquire from within policy, engage in active diversity, retain a core workforce and both acquire and develop talent. This will bring about a motivated workforce capable of maintaining Tanglewood’s culture.

Meeting Expectations Can Make or Break Your Class

Meeting Expectations Can Make or Break Your Class Expectations are powerful, especially when youre teaching adults. Understanding your students expectations of the course youre teaching is key to your success. Make sure you know what your students expect with this ice breaker game for adults. Ideal Size Up to 20. Divide larger groups. Uses Introductions in the classroom or ​at a meeting, to understand what every participant is expecting to learn from the class or gathering. Time Needed 15-20 minutes, depending on the size of the group. Materials Needed A flip chart or white boardmarkers Instructions Write Expectations at the top of a flip chart or white board. When it’s time for students to introduce themselves, explain that expectations are powerful  and that understanding them is key to the success of any class. Tell the group that you would like them to: Introduce themselvesShare their expectations of the classAdd a wild prediction of the best possible outcome should their expectations be met. Ask them to be as specific as possible, and encourage silliness or fun if you want. Example Hi, my name is Deb, and I’m expecting to learn how to handle difficult or challenging people, and my wildest expectation is that if I knew how to do that, nobody would ever get under my skin again. Ever. Debrief State your objectives of the course, review the list of expectations the group made, and explain whether or not, and ​why, if not, their expectations will or wont be covered in the course.

American Cinena in the 60s70s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Cinena in the 60s70s - Essay Example This was the age of the mini skirt and the war against racial stereotyping. This era also witnessed an increase in Television entertainment and the American Cinema hit an all time low in 1963 when foreign films gained dominance over the local cinema. This crisis caused intense financial difficulties within the American film industry. Hollywood cinema found its way onto television to counter this slump and there was an increased trend of shooting films abroad because of low budgets ("runaway" film productions).Cinema ticket prices were falling and film production still remained unaffordable. There were no longer the studio bound contract stars and at this point the film industry lost many of its valuable directors. There was a business diversification within the industry as studios like the UA and Hal Roach Studios sold off parts of their studios and others like Disney(Orlando ,Florida) created theme parks within their studios for added revenues. There was an inauguration of the Hollywood Walk of Fame at the Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street. All these measures were the effort of the giant called "Hollywood" to stand back on its feet. This was the age of the first 'multiplex' movie theatre in 1963 invented by Durwood who went on run AMC Entertainment, which was the third-largest movie theatre company in the nation. The studios were fast being taken over and merged by multi-national companies soon after the sad demise of movie moguls like Harry Cohn of Columbia. The traditional, Hollywood studio era would soon be history, as more and more studios were acquired by other unrelated business conglomerates. Now there would be a time of "packaged" films and the independent company and independent p roducer. In 1966, Gulf and Western Industries bought Paramount which would later be headed by Robert Evans to give such hits as Rosemary's Baby (1968), Love Story (1970), The Godfather (1972), and Chinatown (1974) . The very famous movie of Cleopatra(1963), starring Elizabeth Taylor as the Queen of Egypt and future husband Richard Burton as Marc Antony was a budget disaster for 20th Century Fox, headed by Darryl Zanuck. One can of course not ignore the British Influences on American Cinema during this time as most Hollywood movies started to be made in Britain due to budget constraints.Examples are films like Becket 1964 and The Lion in Winter 1968. This influence can also be seen in films like Doctor Zhivago (1965) which was about the Russian Civil War which became very popular for its "European" influence. There was a reduction ,almost a complete phase out of producing "inflated historical epics". The influence of the British realism ( styled "Kitchen Sink") as well as the role of "Angry Young Man" - the hero who was economically and socially frustrated fast became a part and parcel of American movies. The era ended with when Jaws in 1975 and Star Wars in 1977 were released .These sequel based films were based on the new formula of Sci-fi and commercial blockbuster reality and nothing like what the decade of 1960's produced and made popular. The term Blaxploitation refers to a group of films that found immense popularity in the early 1970s as they were all about black nationalism and the Black Power rebellion with an all black cast. The reason these films were perceived as exploiting the blacks was because most of these films

Mendel and Darwin are the Fathers of Molecular Biology Coursework

Mendel and Darwin are the Fathers of Molecular Biology - Coursework Example In this experiment, Mendel only used only the color of flowers to study inherence. Mendel attempted a second study using the pea seeds. He wanted to decipher the inheritance of seed shape. He crossed the seeds had smooth coats with wrinkled seeds. The result of this cross was that all plants had smooth seeds. Mendel then self-crossed the smooth-seeded plants. The progeny of these fertilization showed that many plants had smooth seeds and only a few wrinkle-seeded. Mendel tried a third experiment. In this case, he used pea plants, which differed in two characteristics. The two traits of comparison were color and shape of the seeds. The pure breeds were smooth, yellow seeds and wrinkled green seeds. After the first cross, Gregor observed that, that all the plants were round in shape and yellow in color. When he self-fertilized these offspring, Mendel the plants from this cross were different. The seeds were, round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, round green, and wrinkled green. This surprised Mendel. He later concluded that there were ’factors’ responsible for transfer of traits from one generation to another. He went ahead to reveal that the some of the traits did not appear in the first generation. However, the masked traits reappeared in the subsequent generations. Gregor coined his first principle based on the observations of monohybrid crosses. This was the principle of segregation. This principle meant that, there was division of what initially were two factors during the gamete formation process. Using results from a cross of two contrasting traits, Mendel came up with the principle of Independent Assortment. This principle alludes to independent inheritance of alleles. Although Mendel did not provide the word gene at that time, he proposed that there were factors passed from generation to the other. Figure 1 below is an illustration of the principle of segregation. P represents the parental generation. They are purple and white in color. In the fir st generation, their offspring are all purple in color. However, the cross of these individual off springs results to reappearance of white flowered plants. This indicates that the white trait did not get lost. Figure 2 shows laws of independent assortment, the parental traits are round yellow and wrinkled-green. Their offspring demonstrate a variety of characteristics. Nine out of sixteen are round yellow, three are round green, three yellow wrinkled and only one wrinkled green. Figure 1. Illustrates the Principle of segregation Figure 2 indicates the law of independent assortment Charles Darwin is famous for the evolutionary theory. In his book, ‘The Origin of Species’ he proposes the theory of natural selection. Darwin believed that all organisms evolved from previous ones. The theory holds that, organism develop adaptive mechanism to fit well to their immediate environment. Darwin used breeding experiment to understand variation. In his selective experiments, he not iced that there was accumulation of variation in some organism, which enabled them to survive better to the environment than the ones that did not accumulate variation. With each successive breeding, Darwin discovered that there was a new group of organism, which had acquired strong characteristic. Darwin concluded that nature caused the accumulation of good traits in organisms that allowed them to fit well to environment. This clearly implies that nature

Essay on a case relating to complex pregnancy Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

On a case relating to complex pregnancy - Essay Example Perceived psychosocial stress as well as the overall psychological wellbeing of a woman during pregnancy has been attributed to preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation (Dolatian, Mirabzadeh, Forouzan, Sajjadi, Majd et al, 2013). Empirical evidence supports the conclusion that preterm delivery is predicated by lack of social support, which increases the risk for psychosocial stress (Ghosh, Wilhelm, Dunkel-schetter, Lombardi, & Ritz, 2010); from the case study, Kylie is described as a 40 year old G6PO with her 6th IVF pregnancy who presents alone to the birth unit of the local tertiary hospital. The fact that Kylie has had 6 IVF pregnancies and presents alone to the local tertiary hospital suggests that she could be living alone, unmarried or unsupported, and without adequate social support from family or friends. Upon further enquiry, Kylie discloses experiencing anxiety and depression related to her recent separation from her husband of ten years; Kylie is referred to th e Obstetric social worker and psychologist for support since it was evident that her depression and anxiety was related to her lack of social support. Research indicates that preterm delivery is common in women of lower social class, unmarried, or unsupported mothers (Mannem, & Chava, 2011); lack of social support greatly predisposes such women to psychosocial stress. The presence of a spouse and social cycles greatly reduce the risk for psychosocial stress for pregnant women because they are able to share their fears and frustrations thereby alleviating the risk of worry and anxiety that may trigger preterm labor and delivery (Mirabzadeh, Dolatian, Forouzan, Sajjadi, Majd et al, 2013). In that respect, the lack of social support that greatly predisposes Kylie to psychosocial stress is highly predictive of preterm labor and delivery that she

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Aviation Industry

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Aviation Industry Background: Aviation industry is a symbol of comprehensive national power and an extremely important part of the national defense. It is also a significant guarantee for national security and an essential support for the development of economic and society. In the entire aviation industry, civil aviation is made up of all types of aviation activities using aircraft except military applications, which includes defense, police and customs, and the civil aviation includes commercial aviation and general aviation. In recent years, the rapid development of civil aviation plays an increasingly important role in the aviation industry. In terms of globalization, the aviation industry is mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia and some other developed regions. Along with the rapid development of the global economy, the enthusiasm for developing aviation industry of many new industrialized countries has also been greatly inspired. A number of high-end manufacturing, including the aviation industry, are shifting from developed countries to developing countries, to meet the global market demand, many developed countries and developing countries began the cooperation. The economic turmoil and financial crisis of the current world has caused a great shock on aviation industry, although the condition is getting improved, it is still very difficult to predict what the future will be. As one of the leaders of the aviation industry all over the world, the market of aviation industry in the United States has been greatly affected in recent years. The fallen price of tickets, rising price of oil, as well as anti-monopoly policy, all have negative impacts on the civil aviation industry in America. Merger integration is trend of the development of international aviation industry in recent years. There are many examples: In Europe, Air France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines were merged in 2003; Lufthansa purchased Swiss Air in 2005, and later purchased the Austrian Airlines; British Airways and Iberia Airlines merged in 2010 . After a series of mergers and reorganizations, the market is full of vitality and competitive power. In the United States in recent years, the operation of civil aviation industry has become much more difficult and many airline companies are seeking to break through this condition by mergers and acquisitions. In 2005, US Airways merged America West Airlines; Delta Air Lines purchased Northwest Airlines in 2008; two years later, the United Airlines and Continental Airlines were merged and turned into the United Continental Holdings incorporated; in 2011, Southwest Airlines purchased the AirTran and after two years, American Airlines merged US Airways. After th e mergers and reorganizations, these companies operating performance begins to rise out of recession, but whether the specific results really are optimistic? This dissertation will make analysis and judgment. Congress reduced the control of the market in 1978, which brought the US economy market unparalleled interests. America has a mature aviation industry market, which has become an important factor of the growth of economy now. Even if there is a little change in the industry, it can bring a big influence on various aspects. In this tough competitive environment at home and abroad, the civil aviation industry attracts much more attention. Concentration Tendency In recent years, the aviation industry in the United States had generated a lot of new companies and there have been a lot of bankruptcy and merger phenomena, which is bound to affect the competition tendency of the aviation industry. In this dissertation, the methods used to calculate the concentration of aviation industry are Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Concentration Ratio (CRn). The calculation method of industry concentration index is the most common, and it is also an important indicator of measuring the market structure. It indicates the degree of concentration of the industry by calculating the proportion of the relevant value (such as sales, value added, number of employees, total assets, etc.) of the first largest n companies in the industry toward those of the entire industry. For example, CR4 refers to the relevant market share occupied by the four largest enterprises and CR8 means the relevant market share occupied by the eight largest enterprises. If the CRn is greater, it indicating a higher degree of concentration of the industry and the more likely for competition in the market tend to be monopolistic; on the contrary, the lower the concentration is, the more likely for competition in the market tend to be competitive.(MBAlib, 2012) The formula is: CRn=. In this formula, Si means the market share of the enterprise i, n means the total number of firms (for instance, the number is 4 or 8.) in the industry. However, the disadvantage of CRn is that this concentration ratio cannot indicate the total number of enterprises which are operating and competitive in this industry. For example, the market share of 2 CR4 with the same value of 75% in two different industries might not be the same, because there may be only a few companies in one industry and the other industry may have many companies. Therefore, in the dissertation, HHI will be used to measure the market concentration to improve the credibility of the data. HHI calculates the sum of the squares of market share of the largest 50 companies in this industry (if the number of companies is less than 50, it includes all enterprises). Obviously, the greater HHI is, the higher the degree of market concentration and the higher the degree of monopoly. The index can not only reflect the market share of large enterprises, but also can reflect the market structure besides large enterprises. Therefore, HHI is able to reflect the impact of large enterprises on the market more accurately. The formula is: HHI=2. In this formula, Si means the market share of the enterprise i, n means the total number of firms in the industry. HHI changes between 1/n and 1, which indicates that the higher value is, the greater unevenness distribution of the size of a firm. As long as firms merge, the value of HHI will increase; as long as the firms decompose, the value of HHI will be reduced. The advantage of HHI are it reflects large-scale companies market share more sensitively, while reflects many small businesses’ market share very little, and it cannot be affected by the number of companies and the size distribution of the industry, which is better to measure the changes in the market concentration of the industry.(MBAlib, 2010) This table illustrates the values of CR4, CR8 and HHI in ten years. According to the concentration ratio CR4 and CR8, it can be obviously found that the aviation industry was behaving as an oligopoly and was a highly concentrated industry, while in terms of HHI, the market concentration was moderate. All of the 3 values were keeping decreasing from 2001 to 2006 and appeared to hit bottom in 2007, in which year the economy crisis took place. After that, the tendency of market concentration was improved and reached a new height in 2013. (Ahren J. 2011) In summary, the level of market concentration of aviation industry was decreasing first and then keeping increasing in the United States. Accordingly, the competition tendency also turned from competitive to monopolistic, which indicates the number of companies was reduced and the market shares of large firms have increased. References: MBAlib (2010) Concentration Ratioà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’CRn[online]New York. Available from: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%8A%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E2%80%94%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C%E6%9B%BC%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0 [Accessed 29 January 2015] Ahren Johnston (2011) CONCENTRATION IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE OF ECONOMIES OF SCALE?[online]New York, Journal of Transportation Management. Available from: http://www.deltanualpha.org/pdfarticles/2011/Ahren%20Johnston.pdf [Accessed 29 January 2015] MBAlib (2012) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index [online]New York. Available from: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%8E%87 [Accessed 29 January 2015]

Ashlee Simpson :: essays research papers

Ashlee Simpson The name of the performer was Ashlee Simpson. The date of the concert was on Saturday January. 8th, 2005. This concert took place at The Mall of America. This was Ashlee’s first concert in Minnesota and her first time at The Mall of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting was a small stage set up at a big open area in the mall. It was a circular area. Also there were three floors you could see the stage from. This concert was not a concert that you had to buy tickets for. You could just come to The Mall of America and see Ashlee perform. So it was on a first come first serve basis. If you did not get there early enough you wouldnt get a spot to see the stage. The whole time you were there you had to stand. There were no assigned seats. So if you are not very tall, you better hope that you get a front row spot, or else you wont be able to see a thing. So with a lot of people standing around you there is a lot of people who try and get in front of you, and there is a lot of pushing and shoving. So it got a little fusturating and crowded at times. So I would defiently not recommend this kind of setting for a concert. It is just to much of a hassle with all the people around. It is much easier when you have your own seat, t hat you know is yours and no one is going to take it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was no program for this concert. I have been to numerous concerts like the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, and the Dixie Chicks and there has never been a program for the concert. Probley because there is to many people to give programs out too. When you don’t have a program, you never know what song is going to be performed next or if there is going to be a break between songs. It really doesn’t matter to me that there was not a program, because I already knew all of Ashlee’s songs from her album and I liked them all. So I knew that whatever song she performed would be great. Ashlee’s style of music is a mixture of punk rock and pop music. She has such a unique style, that its hard to distinguish what style of music she sings.